#1
Which of the following is a primary goal of ecological sampling?
To estimate the biodiversity of an area
ExplanationEstimating the diversity of organisms within a specific region.
#2
Which sampling method involves dividing the study area into smaller, manageable sections and sampling randomly within these sections?
Stratified sampling
ExplanationDividing areas into subsections to ensure representation across all strata.
#3
What is the formula for calculating Simpson's Diversity Index?
D = 1 - Σ(n/N)^2
ExplanationMeasuring the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample belong to different species.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a measure of species richness?
Sørensen similarity index
ExplanationA measure of similarity between two communities, not richness.
#5
What does the term 'beta diversity' refer to in ecology?
The rate of species turnover between habitats or ecosystems
ExplanationMeasuring changes in species composition between different habitats or ecosystems.
#6
Which biodiversity index considers both species richness and evenness?
Shannon-Wiener index
ExplanationQuantifying the diversity of species present, considering both abundance and evenness.
#7
Which biodiversity index is sensitive to both the number of species and the abundance of each species?
Shannon-Wiener index
ExplanationConsidering both the variety of species and their proportional abundance in an ecosystem.
#8
Which of the following statements about rarefaction curves is true?
They show the relationship between sample size and species richness.
ExplanationIllustrating how species richness increases with additional sampling effort.
#9
Which of the following sampling methods is most appropriate for capturing the vertical distribution of species in a forest?
Line transect sampling
ExplanationSystematically surveying along a line to capture vertical species distribution.