#1
At what age do infants typically begin to babble?
3-4 months
ExplanationAround 3-4 months, infants start making repetitive syllables.
#2
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'sensorimotor stage' in cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget introduced the concept of the sensorimotor stage.
#3
What is the term for the tendency of infants to follow and mimic the actions of others?
Imitation
ExplanationImitation describes infants' inclination to copy behaviors observed in others.
#4
Which of the following reflexes is typically present in newborn infants?
Grasping reflex
ExplanationNewborns often display the grasping reflex.
#5
What is the term for the process of modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation involves adjusting existing schemas to fit new information.
#6
According to Piaget's theory, what is the primary process involved in the 'preoperational stage'?
Egocentrism
ExplanationEgocentrism is the main process in Piaget's preoperational stage.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Piaget's 'concrete operational stage'?
Ability to think abstractly
ExplanationThinking abstractly is not a feature of Piaget's concrete operational stage.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a component of the information-processing approach to cognitive development?
Schemas
ExplanationSchemas are not a part of the information-processing approach.
#9
According to the theory of mind, at what age do children typically begin to understand that others may hold false beliefs?
4-5 years
ExplanationAround 4-5 years, children grasp the concept that others can have false beliefs.
#10
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task during the 'autonomy vs. shame and doubt' stage?
Gaining independence
ExplanationThe primary task in autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage is developing independence.
#11
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the 'zone of proximal development'?
The difference between what a child can do alone versus with assistance
ExplanationThe zone of proximal development refers to the gap between independent and assisted performance.
#12
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'attachment theory' in early development?
John Bowlby
ExplanationAttachment theory is linked with the work of psychologist John Bowlby.
#13
What is the term for the mental representation of objects and events in the world?
Schema
ExplanationSchema refers to mental frameworks for organizing information.
#14
What term is used to describe the ability to understand that altering the appearance of an object does not change its basic properties?
Conservation
ExplanationConservation refers to understanding that object properties remain despite superficial changes.
#15
According to Piaget, what is the term for the inability to understand that altering the form or appearance of an object does not change its quantity?
Centration
ExplanationCentration is Piaget's term for inability to grasp conservation concepts.