#1
Which of the following is not a type of database management system?
Analytical DBMS
ExplanationAnalytical DBMS is not a type of database management system; other types include relational, NoSQL, and object-oriented DBMS.
#2
Which SQL statement is used to extract data from a database?
SELECT
ExplanationThe SQL statement 'SELECT' is used to extract data from a database; it retrieves data from one or more tables.
#3
What is a primary key?
A key that uniquely identifies each row in a table
ExplanationA primary key is a unique identifier for each row in a table, ensuring data integrity and facilitating relational database structure.
#4
What is the purpose of the SQL 'JOIN' clause?
To combine rows from two or more tables, based on a related column between them
ExplanationThe SQL 'JOIN' clause combines rows from different tables based on a related column, facilitating data retrieval.
#5
What does the term 'OLTP' stand for?
Online Transaction Processing
Explanation'OLTP' stands for Online Transaction Processing, focusing on real-time transactional processing for business applications.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a valid SQL aggregate function?
CREATE
Explanation'CREATE' is not a valid SQL aggregate function; common aggregate functions include COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX.
#7
What does ACID stand for in the context of databases?
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
ExplanationACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability, which are key properties ensuring reliable database transactions.
#8
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Data Encapsulation' in DBMS?
Combining data and methods into a single unit
ExplanationData Encapsulation in DBMS involves combining data and associated methods into a cohesive unit, enhancing modularity.
#9
Which of the following is not a characteristic of NoSQL databases?
Fixed schema
ExplanationNoSQL databases do not have a fixed schema; they allow flexible and dynamic schema structures.
#10
Which of the following is an example of a Document-Oriented NoSQL database?
MongoDB
ExplanationMongoDB is an example of a Document-Oriented NoSQL database, storing data in flexible, JSON-like documents.
#11
In the context of database indexing, what is a 'B-tree'?
A balanced tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time
ExplanationA 'B-tree' in database indexing is a balanced tree structure that efficiently manages sorted data for searches, access, and modifications.
#12
Which of the following is true about 'Triggers' in a database?
They are special types of stored procedures that are defined to execute automatically in place or after data modifications
ExplanationTriggers in a database are special stored procedures designed to automatically execute in response to specific data modifications, enhancing automation.
#13
In database normalization, which normal form is concerned with removing transitive dependency?
Third Normal Form (3NF)
ExplanationThird Normal Form (3NF) in database normalization addresses transitive dependency, enhancing data integrity.
#14
What does the term 'Sharding' refer to in database management?
Breaking a database into smaller, faster, more easily managed parts called shards
ExplanationSharding involves breaking a database into smaller, more manageable parts called shards for improved performance and scalability.
#15
Which one of the following best describes 'CAP Theorem' in distributed database systems?
It states that a distributed computer system cannot simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
Explanation'CAP Theorem' states the inherent trade-offs in distributed databases, highlighting the challenge of simultaneously ensuring consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
#16
What is 'Two-phase Commit' protocol in databases?
A synchronization protocol for ensuring that all participants in a distributed transaction either commit or roll back changes
Explanation'Two-phase Commit' is a protocol ensuring synchronization in distributed transactions, requiring all participants to either commit or roll back changes.