#1
Which of the following is a key concept in cultural psychology?
Individualism
ExplanationFocuses on the importance of individual identity and autonomy within a culture.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing cultural psychology?
Climate
ExplanationWhile climate may influence behavior, it's not a primary focus of cultural psychology.
#3
Which concept suggests that individuals tend to attribute their own cultural values and beliefs to others?
Ethnocentrism
ExplanationLeads individuals to judge other cultures based on their own cultural standards.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a method used in cross-cultural psychology?
Field experiments
ExplanationThough common in other fields, field experiments are not widely used in cross-cultural psychology.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of collectivist cultures?
Preference for group harmony
ExplanationEmphasizes collective goals, harmony, and interdependence within groups.
#6
Who is considered the founder of cultural psychology?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationPioneered the understanding of how culture shapes cognitive development.
#7
What is cultural relativism?
The idea that cultural norms and values need to be understood within their own context
ExplanationEmphasizes understanding cultures on their terms rather than through external judgments.
#8
What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals adopt the cultural norms and values of their society?
Acculturation
ExplanationDescribes the adaptation to a new culture's norms and values by an individual or group.
#9
Which cultural dimension focuses on the degree of acceptance of unequal distribution of power within a society?
Power Distance
ExplanationReflects how a culture perceives and accepts hierarchical structures.
#10
Who introduced the concept of 'etic' in cross-cultural studies?
Marshall Segall
ExplanationDistinguished between emic (insider perspective) and etic (external analysis) approaches.
#11
What is the term for the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture?
Ethnocentrism
ExplanationInvolves evaluating other cultures based on the values and standards of one's own.
#12
Which researcher proposed the theory of cultural dimensions?
Geert Hofstede
ExplanationIdentified cultural dimensions like power distance and individualism vs. collectivism.
#13
What does the term 'emic' refer to in cross-cultural studies?
Insider's perspective or understanding of a culture
ExplanationInvolves studying a culture from within, using its own concepts and categories.
#14
Who coined the term 'cultural syndromes' to describe patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are characteristic of a particular culture?
Richard Shweder
ExplanationDescribed how cultural beliefs and values shape psychological processes.
#15
Which approach in cross-cultural psychology emphasizes the study of psychological processes that are assumed to be universal across cultures?
Cultural universality
ExplanationFocuses on identifying psychological principles applicable across diverse cultures.
#16
Who proposed the ecological approach to cross-cultural psychology?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
ExplanationHighlighted the importance of environmental influences on cultural development.
#17
What term describes the process by which people learn and adopt the norms and values of another culture?
Acculturation
ExplanationDescribes the cultural learning process when individuals encounter a new culture.