#1
Which of the following is a common cause of distributive shock?
Sepsis
ExplanationDistributive shock is often triggered by widespread vasodilation, as seen in sepsis.
#2
In cardiogenic shock, which organ is primarily affected due to inadequate perfusion?
Brain
ExplanationInadequate perfusion in cardiogenic shock affects vital organs, with the brain being a primary target.
#3
Which of the following medications is a vasopressor commonly used in the treatment of shock?
Epinephrine
ExplanationEpinephrine is a potent vasopressor that helps increase blood pressure and improve perfusion in shock.
#4
Which of the following is a clinical feature of hypovolemic shock?
Decreased urine output
ExplanationHypovolemic shock often results in decreased urine output as the body conserves fluids.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention in the management of shock?
Beta-blocker administration
ExplanationBeta-blockers, with their negative inotropic effects, are contraindicated in shock management.
#6
Which of the following is a clinical feature of cardiogenic shock?
Pulmonary congestion
ExplanationImpaired cardiac function in cardiogenic shock leads to congestion in the pulmonary circulation.
#7
What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for hypovolemic shock?
Intravenous fluids
ExplanationHypovolemic shock requires immediate fluid resuscitation to restore intravascular volume.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of septic shock?
Bradycardia
ExplanationUnlike other forms of shock, septic shock typically presents with tachycardia rather than bradycardia.
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic of neurogenic shock?
Bradycardia
ExplanationNeurogenic shock, often associated with spinal cord injuries, manifests with bradycardia due to loss of sympathetic tone.
#10
What is the most common cause of obstructive shock?
Pulmonary embolism
ExplanationObstructive shock results from mechanical obstruction of blood flow, commonly seen in conditions like pulmonary embolism.
#11
What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in the management of shock?
To increase cardiac output
ExplanationFluid resuscitation aims to enhance cardiac output by restoring intravascular volume.
#12
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of cardiogenic shock?
Elevated central venous pressure
ExplanationCardiogenic shock often presents with elevated central venous pressure due to impaired cardiac function.
#13
What is the primary mechanism of action of dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock?
Increasing myocardial contractility
ExplanationDobutamine enhances the force of myocardial contractions, addressing the decreased cardiac output in cardiogenic shock.
#14
Which of the following laboratory findings is associated with distributive shock?
Elevated lactate levels
ExplanationDistributive shock often leads to impaired tissue oxygenation, reflected in elevated lactate levels.
#15
What is the primary mechanism of action of norepinephrine in the treatment of shock?
Increasing systemic vascular resistance
ExplanationNorepinephrine acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, enhancing systemic vascular resistance in shock.
#16
What is the primary mechanism of action of epinephrine in the treatment of shock?
Increasing systemic vascular resistance
ExplanationEpinephrine acts as a potent vasopressor, increasing systemic vascular resistance to improve perfusion in shock.