#1
Which of the following cellular adaptations is reversible?
Metaplasia
ExplanationCellular adaptation involving conversion of one differentiated cell type to another, which is reversible.
#2
Which of the following cellular adaptations is associated with an increase in the number of cells?
Hyperplasia
ExplanationCellular adaptation involving an increase in cell number, typically in response to a stimulus.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of dystrophic calcification?
Occurs in necrotic tissue
ExplanationCalcium deposition in dead or dying tissue, not related to serum calcium levels.
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of hypertrophy?
Increase in cell size
ExplanationEnlargement of cells, leading to increased organ size or tissue mass.
#5
Which type of necrosis is typically associated with tuberculosis infections?
Caseous necrosis
ExplanationNecrosis characterized by cheese-like, soft, friable tissue, often seen in tuberculosis infections.
#6
Which of the following is an example of physiological hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy of the heart in response to exercise
ExplanationHeart enlargement due to exercise-induced workload increase, a physiological response.
#7
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of metaplasia?
Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
ExplanationConversion of one cell type to another, often in response to stress or injury.
#8
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with pathologic hyperplasia?
Psoriasis
ExplanationSkin disorder characterized by inflammation and excessive keratinocyte production, not hyperplasia.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a feature of apoptosis?
Inflammation
ExplanationProgrammed cell death characterized by no inflammation.
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic of necrosis but not of apoptosis?
Cellular contents released into the extracellular space
ExplanationNecrosis results in cell membrane rupture and release of cellular contents outside the cell.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a cause of cellular injury?
Eustress
ExplanationEustress refers to beneficial stress that stimulates adaptation, not injury.
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of coagulative necrosis?
Tissue architecture preserved
ExplanationNecrotic tissue retains basic structural outline due to denaturation of structural proteins.