Cellular Organization and Specialization Quiz

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis by translating mRNA.

The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

The nucleus houses the cell's DNA, storing genetic material and coordinating cellular activities.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and toxins.

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in plant cells.

Centrioles play a role in organizing microtubules during cell division and forming the spindle fibers.

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, such as nuclei and mitochondria, distinguishing them from eukaryotic cells.

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape, provides structural support, and facilitates cell movement and intracellular transport.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and toxic substances, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.

Cilia and flagella are cell appendages involved in cell movement and locomotion.

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells break down glucose to produce ATP energy.

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transportation.

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cell movement.

The extracellular matrix provides structural support, facilitates cell adhesion, and regulates intercellular communication in multicellular organisms.

Gap junctions are specialized intercellular connections that allow direct communication and passage of ions, sugars, and small molecules between adjacent cells.