Cellular Metabolism and Immunology Quiz

Mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Aerobic metabolism relies on oxygen to efficiently produce energy through processes like cellular respiration.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy carrier in cellular processes, releasing energy upon hydrolysis.

Phagocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles or microorganisms.

Glycolysis is the initial step in cellular respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate and producing ATP.

Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen into simpler sugars like glucose.

Immune system functions include defense against pathogens, not direct regulation of body temperature.

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Cytotoxic T cells directly target and kill cells infected with viruses or transformed/cancerous cells.

B cell activation is the process by which B cells mature, differentiate, and start producing antibodies in response to antigens.

B cells are key players in the adaptive immune system, producing antibodies in response to antigens.

NK cells play a crucial role in innate immunity by directly killing infected or abnormal cells without prior sensitization.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a key cytokine that promotes inflammation in the immune response.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key cytokine that regulates inflammation and immune responses.

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions have a delayed onset, involving T cell-mediated responses against antigens.