#1
Which molecule serves as the primary energy carrier in cellular respiration?
ATP
ExplanationATP is the main energy currency of the cell, storing and transferring energy for cellular processes.
#2
What is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
ExplanationChlorophyll absorbs light energy and initiates the process of photosynthesis.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Glucose
ExplanationGlucose is not produced during the light-dependent reactions; it forms in the light-independent reactions.
#4
In which organelle does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
ExplanationThe Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, where carbon fixation and sugar production happen.
#5
During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP molecules?
Electron transport chain
ExplanationThe electron transport chain generates the majority of ATP molecules through oxidative phosphorylation.
#6
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during cellular respiration?
Kinase
ExplanationKinase enzymes catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP during cellular respiration.
#7
Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
Oxygen
ExplanationOxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, forming water in the electron transport chain.
#8
What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
Release of oxygen
ExplanationThe light-dependent reactions produce oxygen by splitting water molecules, releasing it as a byproduct.
#9
What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
ExplanationPhotosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight energy.
#10
Which type of photosynthesis pathway is more efficient under hot and dry conditions?
CAM pathway
ExplanationCAM photosynthesis is more efficient in conserving water and fixing carbon dioxide in arid environments.