#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?
Increased sensitivity to growth signals
Decreased ability to invade surrounding tissues
Higher dependence on normal tissue architecture
Normal cell cycle regulation
#2
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cancer?
Regular physical activity
High intake of fruits and vegetables
Tobacco use
Maintaining a healthy weight
#3
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?
Promote cell growth and division
Repair damaged DNA
Inhibit cell cycle progression
Stimulate angiogenesis
#4
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
Apoptosis evasion
Increased DNA repair mechanisms
Stable and unchanging genome
Well-organized tissue structure
#5
Which type of gene mutation is commonly associated with cancer development?
Silent mutation
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frame-shift mutation
#6
What is the role of oncogenes in cancer development?
Suppress tumor growth
Inhibit cell proliferation
Promote cell growth and division
Stimulate apoptosis
#7
Which of the following is NOT a common method for cancer treatment?
Surgery
Immunotherapy
Gene editing
Chemotherapy
#8
What is metastasis in cancer?
Initiation of tumor formation
Spread of cancer cells to distant sites
Normal cell division
Formation of new blood vessels
#9
What is the function of the p53 gene in the context of cancer?
Promotes cell growth and division
Induces apoptosis in damaged cells
Inhibits tumor suppressor genes
Stimulates angiogenesis
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?
Invasive growth into surrounding tissues
Metastasis to distant organs
Highly irregular cell morphology
Slow growth rate
#11
What is the primary cause of cancer-related fatigue?
Increased physical activity
Improved sleep patterns
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Regular intake of vitamins
#12
What is the role of epigenetic changes in cancer development?
Maintaining DNA sequence integrity
Regulating gene expression without altering DNA sequence
Directly causing mutations in DNA sequence
Inhibiting cell growth and division
#13
What is angiogenesis in the context of cancer?
Process of cell division
Formation of new blood vessels
Breakdown of extracellular matrix
Invasion of cancer cells into nearby tissues
#14
Which of the following is a potential side effect of chemotherapy?
Enhanced immune function
Hair loss
Decreased risk of infection
Improved appetite
#15
What is the role of telomeres in cancer cells?
Prevent apoptosis
Inhibit cell division
Maintain chromosomal stability
Promote metastasis
#16
Which of the following is a characteristic of metastatic cancer?
Localized tumor growth
Invasion into adjacent tissues only
Spread to distant organs
Highly differentiated cell morphology
#17
Which of the following is a key characteristic of cancer stem cells?
Limited self-renewal capacity
High sensitivity to chemotherapy
Lack of tumorigenic potential
Ability to initiate tumor formation
#18
What is the function of checkpoint proteins in cell cycle regulation?
Promote uncontrolled cell growth
Inhibit DNA replication
Monitor cell cycle progression and DNA integrity
Activate tumor suppressor genes