#1
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs?
Left atrium
ExplanationLeft atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs before pumping it to the left ventricle.
#2
What is the main function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
Transport oxygen
ExplanationRed blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
#3
Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body?
Aorta
ExplanationThe aorta carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
#4
What is the term for the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes and fills with blood?
Diastole
ExplanationDiastole is the phase when the heart relaxes, allowing chambers to fill with blood before the next contraction.
#5
What is the name of the medical condition characterized by an irregular heartbeat?
Arrhythmia
ExplanationArrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat, which may be too fast, too slow, or irregular in rhythm.
#6
Which of the following is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise is not a risk factor; it actually reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
#7
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
ExplanationThe pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
#8
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?
Vena cava
ExplanationThe vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
#9
What is the average resting heart rate for adults?
70-80 beats per minute
ExplanationThe average resting heart rate for adults ranges from 70 to 80 beats per minute.
#10
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?
Platelets
ExplanationPlatelets are responsible for clotting, helping to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.
#11
What is the medical term for high blood pressure?
Hypertension
ExplanationHypertension refers to persistently high blood pressure, which can lead to various cardiovascular complications.
#12
What is the term for a blockage in one of the coronary arteries?
Coronary thrombosis
ExplanationCoronary thrombosis refers to a blood clot forming in one of the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
#13
Which of the following hormones regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance?
Aldosterone
ExplanationAldosterone regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance by acting on the kidneys.
#14
Which of the following is a symptom of peripheral artery disease?
Leg pain while walking
ExplanationLeg pain while walking (claudication) is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease, caused by reduced blood flow to the legs.
#15
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
Mitral valve
ExplanationThe mitral valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during heart contraction.
#16
Which of the following is not a major coronary artery supplying the heart muscle?
Radial artery
ExplanationThe radial artery is not a major coronary artery; it primarily supplies blood to the forearm and hand.
#17
What is the medical term for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction
ExplanationMyocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage.
#18
Which condition is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac around the heart?
Pericarditis
ExplanationPericarditis is characterized by inflammation and accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, causing chest pain.
#19
Which term describes the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel?
Thrombosis
ExplanationThrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, potentially leading to blockage of blood flow and tissue damage.