#1
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular complications?
Smoking
ExplanationSmoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases by damaging blood vessels and increasing plaque buildup.
#2
Which lifestyle modification is recommended for preventing cardiovascular complications?
Healthy diet and regular exercise
ExplanationA healthy diet and regular exercise help prevent cardiovascular complications by maintaining a healthy weight, lowering blood pressure, and reducing cholesterol levels.
#3
What is the normal range for blood pressure in adults?
120/80 mmHg
ExplanationNormal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg, indicating healthy cardiovascular function.
#4
Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a patient with hypertension?
Promote regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise helps manage hypertension by improving heart health and reducing blood pressure.
#5
What is the primary purpose of beta-blockers in the management of cardiovascular conditions?
Lower blood pressure
ExplanationBeta-blockers lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline, reducing the workload on the heart and improving its efficiency.
#6
Which electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform represents the depolarization of the atria?
P wave
ExplanationThe P wave represents the electrical depolarization of the atria, indicating the initiation of atrial contraction.
#7
What is the primary purpose of administering nitroglycerin to a patient with angina?
Dilate coronary arteries
ExplanationNitroglycerin dilates coronary arteries, increasing blood flow to the heart muscle and relieving angina symptoms.
#8
What is the purpose of administering antiplatelet medications to a patient with cardiovascular disease?
Prevent blood clot formation
ExplanationAntiplatelet medications prevent blood clot formation, reducing the risk of complications like heart attack or stroke.
#9
Which symptom indicates a potential cardiac emergency?
Sudden severe chest pain
ExplanationSudden severe chest pain, often described as crushing or squeezing, can indicate a heart attack or angina, requiring immediate medical attention.
#10
What is the primary function of statin medications in cardiovascular care?
Reduce cholesterol levels
ExplanationStatin medications lower cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of plaque buildup in arteries and cardiovascular events like heart attack or stroke.
#11
Which nursing action is crucial when caring for a patient post-cardiac catheterization?
Monitor for signs of bleeding
ExplanationAfter cardiac catheterization, monitoring for signs of bleeding, such as decreased blood pressure or increased heart rate, is crucial due to the risk of hemorrhage.
#12
In heart failure management, which class of medications is commonly prescribed to improve cardiac contractility?
Inotropic agents
ExplanationInotropic agents improve cardiac contractility, helping the heart pump more effectively in cases of heart failure.