#1
What does the P wave represent in an ECG?
Atrial depolarization
ExplanationP wave represents atrial depolarization, the electrical activity associated with the contraction of the atria.
#2
Which cardiac arrhythmia is characterized by chaotic, irregular atrial activity on an ECG?
Atrial fibrillation
ExplanationAtrial fibrillation is marked by irregular atrial activity, leading to a disorganized and rapid heart rhythm.
#3
What is the normal heart rate range for adults at rest?
60-90 beats per minute
ExplanationNormal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 90 beats per minute, indicating a healthy cardiac rhythm.
#4
What is the primary role of the Q wave in an ECG?
Indicates septal depolarization
ExplanationQ wave primarily indicates septal depolarization, providing information about the initial phase of ventricular activation.
#5
In an ECG, what does the term 'isoelectric line' represent?
Baseline indicating no electrical activity
Explanation'Isoelectric line' in an ECG represents the baseline with no electrical activity, serving as a reference for detecting deviations.
#6
Which part of the heart's conduction system is known as the 'pacemaker'?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
ExplanationThe SA node is the pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses and setting the heart's rhythm.
#7
What is the typical duration of the QRS complex in a normal ECG?
0.08 to 0.12 seconds
ExplanationNormal QRS complex duration is 0.08 to 0.12 seconds, reflecting ventricular depolarization.
#8
Which lead is commonly used to assess the heart's electrical activity in the frontal plane?
Lead II
ExplanationLead II is frequently used to evaluate heart electrical activity in the frontal plane, providing valuable diagnostic information.
#9
What is the primary function of the PR interval in an ECG?
Evaluates atrioventricular conduction time
ExplanationPR interval assesses atrioventricular conduction time, measuring the duration between atrial and ventricular depolarization.
#10
Which interval on an ECG represents the time taken for ventricular depolarization and repolarization?
QT interval
ExplanationQT interval encompasses ventricular depolarization and repolarization duration, crucial for assessing cardiac health.
#11
Which type of ECG lead records electrical activity between two electrodes, one active and one reference?
Bipolar lead
ExplanationBipolar lead records cardiac electrical activity between an active and a reference electrode, providing specific information.
#12
What is the purpose of the T wave in an ECG?
Ventricular repolarization
ExplanationT wave serves to signify ventricular repolarization, marking the phase when the heart chambers regain their electrical charge.
#13
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with a prolonged QT interval on an ECG?
Hypokalemia
ExplanationProlonged QT interval is linked to hypokalemia, an electrolyte imbalance affecting heart repolarization.
#14
In the context of ECG, what is the significance of the ST segment?
Ischemia or infarction
ExplanationST segment indicates ischemia or infarction, reflecting abnormalities in ventricular repolarization.
#15
Which ECG finding is associated with a 'sawtooth' pattern and often indicative of atrial flutter?
F waves
Explanation'Sawtooth' F waves on an ECG suggest atrial flutter, a distinct arrhythmia pattern.
#16
What is the significance of the T wave in an ECG?
Ventricular repolarization
ExplanationT wave signifies ventricular repolarization, the phase where the heart chambers recover their electrical charge.
#17
What does the term 'ST elevation' typically indicate on an ECG?
Infarction
Explanation'ST elevation' on an ECG is often indicative of infarction, signaling a potential blockage in coronary blood flow.
#18
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with the development of U waves on an ECG?
Hypokalemia
ExplanationU waves on an ECG are associated with hypokalemia, an electrolyte imbalance affecting heart repolarization.
#19
What does the term 'bundle branch block' refer to in the context of cardiac conduction?
Delayed ventricular depolarization
ExplanationBundle branch block refers to delayed ventricular depolarization, disrupting the normal electrical conduction in the heart.