Carbon and Macromolecules Quiz

Carbon serves as the backbone for organic compounds due to its ability to form diverse covalent bonds.

Carbohydrates store energy in the form of glucose, readily available for cellular processes.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of nucleotide monomers, forming long polymer chains.

While lipids contribute to cell membranes, their primary functions include energy storage, insulation, and signaling.

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in a straight molecular structure at room temperature.

RNA molecules, particularly messenger RNA (mRNA), carry genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy required for reactions to occur.

Cholesterol is a lipid, not a carbohydrate, and serves as a structural component of cell membranes.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, joining together via peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains.

Starch, a polymer of glucose, serves as a storage polysaccharide in plants.

Cellulose provides structural support to plant cells, forming the main component of cell walls.

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of cells, storing and transferring energy for various cellular processes.

The sequence of amino acids dictates the primary structure of proteins, influencing their overall function.

DNA acts as the hereditary material, storing genetic information essential for cellular processes and inheritance.

Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple protein subunits, not a distinct protein structure itself.

Amino groups are not part of nucleotides; instead, nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, play crucial roles in storing genetic information and facilitating its transmission during cellular processes like replication and transcription.