#1
Which of the following blood types is considered the universal donor?
O-
ExplanationO- can donate to any blood type without causing adverse reactions.
#2
Which of the following blood components is responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues?
Red blood cells
ExplanationRed blood cells contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout the body.
#3
Which blood type is considered the universal recipient?
AB+
ExplanationAB+ can receive blood from any other blood type without adverse reactions.
#4
Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for clotting?
Platelets
ExplanationPlatelets play a crucial role in blood clot formation.
#5
Which of the following blood types can safely receive blood from any other blood type in an emergency?
AB+
ExplanationAB+ individuals can receive any blood type due to their lack of ABO antibodies.
#6
What is the primary purpose of crossmatching in blood transfusion?
To ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood
ExplanationCrossmatching verifies compatibility to prevent adverse reactions.
#7
Which of the following is a potential complication of blood transfusion?
Hyperkalemia
ExplanationTransfusion can cause elevated potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia.
#8
What is the recommended maximum time for a unit of blood to be transfused?
4 hours
ExplanationTo prevent bacterial growth and maintain efficacy, blood should be transfused within 4 hours.
#9
What is the most common adverse reaction to a blood transfusion?
Febrile non-hemolytic reaction
ExplanationFebrile non-hemolytic reaction is the most common, characterized by fever.
#10
Which of the following laboratory tests is commonly performed before initiating a blood transfusion?
Complete blood count (CBC)
ExplanationCBC helps assess the patient's baseline and suitability for transfusion.
#11
In which of the following situations should blood transfusion be avoided?
Patient with severe thrombocytopenia
ExplanationTransfusion may worsen bleeding risk in thrombocytopenic patients.
#12
What is the primary concern when administering a blood transfusion to a pediatric patient?
Risk of fluid overload
ExplanationPediatric patients are more susceptible to fluid overload during transfusion.
#13
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Development of hemoglobinuria days to weeks after transfusion
ExplanationDelayed hemolytic reaction manifests as hemoglobinuria post-transfusion.
#14
What is the recommended method for verifying the identity of the blood product before transfusion?
Crossmatching the blood with the recipient's sample
ExplanationCrossmatching ensures compatibility and correct identification.
#15
What is the primary reason for administering packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in transfusion therapy?
To increase oxygen-carrying capacity
ExplanationPRBCs are used to enhance oxygen delivery in cases of severe anemia.
#16
Which of the following signs or symptoms is indicative of a potential febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Fever and chills
ExplanationFebrile non-hemolytic reaction typically presents with fever and chills.
#17
What is the primary mechanism of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Antibody-mediated destruction of donor red blood cells
ExplanationThe immune system attacks and destroys transfused red blood cells.
#18
What is the primary concern when administering blood transfusions to elderly patients?
Decreased tolerance to volume shifts
ExplanationElderly patients may have cardiovascular compromise, making them sensitive to fluid shifts.
#19
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with a transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
Dyspnea and orthopnea
ExplanationTACO manifests as difficulty breathing, especially when lying down.
#20
What is the primary cause of a transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)?
Presence of leukocytes in the transfused blood
ExplanationTransfused leukocytes attack the recipient's tissues, causing GVHD.
#21
Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate during a blood transfusion?
Observing the patient closely for signs of transfusion reaction
ExplanationClose observation helps in early detection of adverse reactions.
#22
What is the recommended temperature range for storing blood components?
0°C to 4°C
ExplanationThis range prevents bacterial growth and maintains blood quality.
#23
Which of the following actions should the nurse take if a transfusion reaction is suspected?
Discontinue the transfusion immediately
ExplanationImmediate discontinuation helps prevent further adverse reactions.
#24
Which of the following is a crucial step in preventing transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?
Administering leukocyte-reduced blood products
ExplanationLeukocyte reduction decreases the risk of TRALI by mitigating immune-mediated lung injury.
#25
Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize in the event of a suspected transfusion reaction?
Assessing the patient's vital signs and respiratory status
ExplanationImmediate assessment helps in early recognition and management of adverse reactions.