#1
Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
ExplanationMitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
#2
Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Covalent bond
ExplanationCovalent bonds involve electron sharing between atoms, forming stable molecules.
#3
What is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms?
Cell
ExplanationCells are the fundamental units of life, exhibiting structure and carrying out functions.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
Nucleic acids
ExplanationCell membranes primarily consist of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, not nucleic acids.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells?
Presence of membrane-bound organelles
ExplanationEukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize cellular functions.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?
Energy storage
ExplanationProteins primarily function in catalysis, structure, and signaling, not energy storage.
#7
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?
Protein synthesis
ExplanationThe rough ER synthesizes proteins, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.
#8
Which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the cell walls of plants?
Cellulose
ExplanationCellulose forms the structural component of plant cell walls.
#9
What is the name of the process by which cells engulf solid particles by wrapping pseudopodia around them?
Phagocytosis
ExplanationPhagocytosis involves the ingestion of solid particles by cell membrane extensions.
#10
Which of the following organelles is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ExplanationSmooth ER aids in detoxification, lipid synthesis, and calcium storage.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?
Circular DNA
ExplanationProkaryotic cells possess circular DNA in their nucleoid region.
#12
What is the name of the organelle responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleolus
ExplanationThe nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome assembly.
#13
What is the term for the process by which cells replicate their DNA prior to cell division?
Replication
ExplanationReplication is the copying of DNA to produce identical daughter molecules.
#14
What is the name of the process by which cells engulf liquid droplets from their surroundings?
Pinocytosis
ExplanationPinocytosis is the ingestion of extracellular fluid by cells.
#15
Which type of molecule functions as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions in cells?
Proteins
ExplanationProteins act as catalysts (enzymes) in cells, accelerating biochemical reactions.