#1
Which staining method is commonly used to differentiate bacterial species based on their cell wall structure?
Gram staining
ExplanationDistinguishes bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on cell wall properties.
#2
In microbiology, what does the term 'CFU' stand for?
Colony Formation Unit
ExplanationA measure of viable bacterial or fungal cells capable of forming colonies.
#3
Which bacterial structure is responsible for motility and is often used for bacterial identification?
Flagellum
ExplanationFlagella enable bacterial movement and aid in identification.
#4
In bacterial taxonomy, what is the purpose of the Bergey's Manual?
To classify bacteria
ExplanationReference book for bacterial taxonomy and classification.
#5
What is the purpose of streak plate technique in microbiology?
To isolate pure bacterial colonies
ExplanationMethod to obtain isolated colonies for further study or identification.
#6
Which of the following microbiological techniques is used for counting the number of viable bacteria in a sample?
Most Probable Number (MPN) method
ExplanationEstimates bacterial concentration based on statistical probabilities.
#7
Which microbiological technique involves the use of antibodies to detect and identify specific antigens on the surface of microorganisms?
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
ExplanationIdentifies microorganisms based on antigen-antibody interactions.
#8
What is the purpose of the MacConkey agar in bacterial identification?
To selectively isolate Gram-negative bacteria
ExplanationDifferentiates and isolates Gram-negative bacteria based on lactose fermentation.
#9
What is the function of a catalase test in microbiology?
To detect the presence of catalase enzyme
ExplanationIdentifies bacteria capable of producing catalase enzyme.
#10
What is the primary purpose of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in microbiology?
To determine antibiotic sensitivity
ExplanationAssesses which antibiotics are effective against a particular bacterial strain.
#11
Which of the following is a rapid molecular method used for bacterial identification?
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
ExplanationUtilizes mass spectrometry for quick and accurate bacterial identification.
#12
Which of the following is a non-culture-based method for bacterial identification?
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
ExplanationIdentifies bacteria without the need for traditional culturing methods.
#13
Which bacterial identification method relies on the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters?
FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) analysis
ExplanationAnalyzes microbial fatty acids for identification purposes.
#14
Which of the following bacterial identification methods involves the analysis of protein profiles?
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
ExplanationIdentifies bacteria based on unique protein profiles.