#1
What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system?
Detect and neutralize pathogens
ExplanationAntibodies identify and help eliminate harmful pathogens.
#2
Which cells are responsible for the production of antibodies in the immune system?
B cells
ExplanationB cells are the primary producers of antibodies.
#3
Which type of immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another individual or through medical intervention?
Passive immunity
ExplanationPassive immunity is conferred via antibody transfer from another source.
#4
Which type of immune response involves the production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen?
Adaptive immune response
ExplanationAdaptive immunity generates tailored responses to specific pathogens.
#5
What is the role of T cells in the immune system?
Kill infected cells
ExplanationT cells destroy cells infected by pathogens.
#6
Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ where T cells mature?
Thymus
ExplanationThe thymus is where T cells undergo maturation.
#7
Which class of antibodies can cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to the fetus?
IgG
ExplanationIgG antibodies pass from mother to fetus, bolstering fetal immunity.
#8
Which cells are responsible for presenting antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response?
Dendritic cells
ExplanationDendritic cells kickstart immune responses by displaying antigens to T cells.
#9
What is the main function of cytokines in the immune system?
Promote inflammation
ExplanationCytokines spur inflammation, a key aspect of immune defense.
#10
Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in human serum?
IgG
ExplanationIgG is the predominant antibody in the bloodstream.
#11
What is the process by which antibodies bind to antigens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins?
Opsonization
ExplanationOpsonization tags pathogens for elimination by immune cells.
#12
What is the main function of memory B cells in the immune system?
Provide long-term immunity
ExplanationMemory B cells confer lasting protection against previously encountered pathogens.
#13
What is the term for the phenomenon where antibodies bind to the surface of a pathogen, preventing its entry into host cells?
Neutralization
ExplanationNeutralization blocks pathogen entry into host cells.
#14
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE antibodies and mast cell activation?
Type I
ExplanationType I hypersensitivity involves IgE-mediated mast cell activation.
#15
Which immunoglobulin is involved in mucosal immunity and is present in tears, saliva, and breast milk?
IgA
ExplanationIgA defends mucosal surfaces such as those in tears, saliva, and breast milk.