#1
Which of the following is a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease?
Memory loss
ExplanationMemory loss is a hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's disease, affecting short-term and eventually long-term memory.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a stage of Alzheimer's disease progression?
Preclinical
ExplanationPreclinical is not a recognized stage of Alzheimer's disease progression; stages typically include pre-dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia.
#3
Which part of the brain is primarily affected by Alzheimer's disease?
Temporal lobe
ExplanationAlzheimer's disease primarily impacts the temporal lobe, crucial for memory formation and retrieval.
#4
What is the most common method used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease?
Memory and cognitive tests
ExplanationDiagnosis often involves memory and cognitive tests to assess mental function and detect Alzheimer's-related impairments.
#5
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease?
Smoking
ExplanationSmoking is identified as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, potentially contributing to cognitive decline.
#6
Which type of dementia shares similar symptoms with Alzheimer's disease?
Parkinson's disease dementia
ExplanationParkinson's disease dementia exhibits symptoms similar to Alzheimer's, including cognitive decline and memory impairment.
#7
Which medication class is commonly used to manage symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
Cholinesterase inhibitors
ExplanationCholinesterase inhibitors are frequently prescribed to manage Alzheimer's symptoms by increasing acetylcholine levels.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of advanced Alzheimer's disease?
Enhanced problem-solving skills
ExplanationAdvanced Alzheimer's disease is marked by a decline in cognitive abilities, including problem-solving skills, not enhancement.
#9
Which neurotransmitter is significantly reduced in Alzheimer's disease?
Acetylcholine
ExplanationAlzheimer's is associated with a significant decrease in acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for cognitive function.
#10
What is the primary function of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in assessing cognitive function?
To evaluate memory and orientation
ExplanationMMSE is used to assess cognitive function, focusing on memory, orientation, and other cognitive domains.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease on brain imaging?
Enlarged ventricles
ExplanationBrain imaging in Alzheimer's may reveal enlarged ventricles, indicating brain atrophy.
#12
What is the role of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease?
Forms plaques that disrupt communication between neurons
ExplanationAmyloid beta in Alzheimer's forms plaques, disrupting neuronal communication and contributing to cognitive decline.
#13
Which of the following cognitive tests is specifically designed to assess executive functioning?
Trail Making Test
ExplanationThe Trail Making Test is tailored to evaluate executive functioning, assessing cognitive flexibility and mental processing speed.
#14
What is the primary protein implicated in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Tau protein
ExplanationThe formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's is primarily associated with the accumulation of tau protein.