#1
Which of the following is an example of an innate behavior?
A human baby sucking its thumb
ExplanationInnate behaviors are instinctive and occur naturally without learning; a human baby sucking its thumb is an example.
#2
Which area of psychology focuses on the study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations?
Social psychology
ExplanationSocial psychology explores how individuals interact in social settings, examining thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in social situations.
#3
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward, as well as addiction?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure, reward, and addiction, playing a crucial role in the brain's reward system.
#4
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during adolescence and involves forming a sense of identity?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationThe Identity vs. role confusion stage in Erikson's theory occurs during adolescence, focusing on the development of a sense of identity.
#5
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for the regulation of basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature?
Hypothalamus
ExplanationThe hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating basic physiological needs, including hunger, thirst, and body temperature.
#6
What is the term for a learned behavior that involves responding to a stimulus in a way that leads to a favorable outcome?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationOperant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is strengthened by positive outcomes or diminished by negative outcomes.
#7
Which psychological theory suggests that behavior is influenced by observing and imitating others?
Social learning theory
ExplanationSocial learning theory proposes that behavior is acquired by observing and imitating others, emphasizing the role of modeling in learning.
#8
What term describes the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external factors while attributing others' behaviors to internal factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationThe fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' actions to internal characteristics while attributing our own actions to external factors.
#9
What is the term for the process by which memories can become distorted over time or influenced by outside factors?
Recall
ExplanationRecall is the process of retrieving memories, but it can be influenced by various factors, leading to distortions or inaccuracies.
#10
What term refers to the tendency to continue a behavior as a result of previously reinforced behaviors?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationPositive reinforcement is the process where a behavior is strengthened by the introduction of a positive stimulus or reward, increasing the likelihood of its repetition.
#11
What term describes the phenomenon where people are more likely to comply with a large request after agreeing to a small one?
Foot-in-the-door technique
ExplanationThe foot-in-the-door technique is a compliance tactic where agreeing to a small request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a larger one.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a component of emotional intelligence according to Daniel Goleman?
Logical reasoning
ExplanationEmotional intelligence, as defined by Daniel Goleman, does not include logical reasoning as one of its components.