#1
Which principle of justice emphasizes treating equals equally and unequals unequally?
Distributive Justice
ExplanationFair distribution based on merit and need.
#2
Who is considered the father of utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
ExplanationFounding figure advocating for maximizing overall happiness.
#3
Which legal concept states that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense?
Double jeopardy
ExplanationProtection against multiple prosecutions for the same crime.
#4
According to John Rawls, what is the first principle of justice?
Equal liberties
ExplanationBasic freedoms for all individuals.
#5
Which philosopher is known for his theory of 'natural law'?
Thomas Aquinas
ExplanationArgued for universal moral principles inherent in nature.
#6
What is the principle of 'due process' in legal terms?
The requirement to follow legal procedures
ExplanationEnsures fair treatment under the law.
#7
What is the 'doctrine of precedent' in common law systems?
The requirement to follow previous court decisions
ExplanationAdherence to prior rulings.
#8
In legal terms, what is 'mens rea'?
The guilty mind
ExplanationCriminal intent.
#9
What is the concept of 'legal positivism'?
The belief that laws are created by human authority and can be morally neutral
ExplanationLaw is separate from morality and based on human decree.
#10
What is the 'rule of law'?
The principle that laws should be clear, publicized, and applied evenly
ExplanationRequirement for transparent and consistent legal governance.
#11
What is the concept of 'legal realism'?
The belief that the law is shaped by social and economic forces
ExplanationRecognition of external influences on legal decisions.
#12
What is 'judicial activism'?
The belief that judges should take an active role in shaping social policy through their decisions
ExplanationJudges influencing societal change through legal interpretation.
#13
In legal terms, what does the 'burden of proof' refer to?
The responsibility to prove the case
ExplanationObligation to provide evidence to support a claim.
#14
Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of the consequences of actions?
Consequentialism
ExplanationEvaluates morality based on outcomes.
#15
What is the principle of 'judicial review'?
The authority of courts to interpret laws
ExplanationPower to assess the constitutionality of laws.
#16
Which legal concept refers to a court's authority to hear a case for the first time?
Original jurisdiction
ExplanationInitial authority over a legal matter.
#17
What is the primary purpose of criminal law?
To protect individuals from each other
ExplanationMaintaining societal order and safety.
#18
Which legal concept refers to the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial?
Bail
ExplanationConditional release from custody.
#19
What is 'substantive due process'?
The content or substance of a law
ExplanationFocuses on the fairness of the law itself.
#20
What is the 'exclusionary rule'?
The rule that evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
ExplanationBars unlawfully obtained evidence from trial.
#21
What is 'procedural justice'?
The fairness of the procedures used in a legal process
ExplanationEnsures fairness in the legal process itself.
#22
What is the 'equality of arms' principle in legal proceedings?
The principle that both parties should have equal opportunity to present their case
ExplanationBalancing power dynamics in legal disputes.
#23
What is the 'burden of proof' in a civil case?
The plaintiff must prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence
ExplanationRequirement for the plaintiff to show evidence supporting their claim.
#24
What is the 'standard of review' in legal terms?
The level of deference a court gives to a lower court's decision
ExplanationDegree of scrutiny applied to lower court rulings.
#25
What is the 'doctrine of unclean hands' in equity?
The doctrine that prevents a party from seeking equitable relief if they have acted unfairly
ExplanationPrevents relief for those engaging in improper conduct.