#1
What is the main purpose of the Attachment Theory in developmental psychology?
To describe how children form emotional bonds with caregivers
ExplanationUnderstanding emotional bonds between children and caregivers.
#2
Which theorist is associated with the concept of 'Zone of Proximal Development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationDevelopmental learning with Lev Vygotsky's ZPD.
#3
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the main conflict during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationErikson's conflict concerning self-identity in adolescence.
#4
Which of the following is NOT one of the attachment styles proposed by Mary Ainsworth?
Disorganized attachment
ExplanationAttachment style not proposed by Mary Ainsworth.
#5
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationEmotional bond between infant and primary caregiver.
#6
What is the term for the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their culture?
Socialization
ExplanationProcess of learning cultural norms, values, and behaviors.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?
Morality vs. Immorality
ExplanationNot a stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory.
#8
What is the term for the stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory where a child learns basic skills such as walking and talking?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
ExplanationErikson's stage focusing on basic skill development.
#9
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events and grasp concrete analogies and perform arithmetical operations?
Concrete operational stage
ExplanationPiaget's stage for logical thinking about concrete events.
#10
What is the concept of 'critical period' in developmental psychology?
A period during which certain experiences must occur for proper development
ExplanationCrucial period for essential developmental experiences.
#11
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Conceptional
ExplanationNot a stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
#12
What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals believe their thoughts and beliefs are unique and special?
Personal fable
ExplanationBelief in the uniqueness of personal thoughts and beliefs.
#13
Which of the following is a key feature of Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of development?
The role of social interaction and cultural context
ExplanationEmphasis on social interaction and cultural context.
#14
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
ExplanationUnderstanding objects continue to exist when not perceived.
#15
What does the term 'scaffolding' refer to in the context of cognitive development?
Providing temporary support to help a child learn a task
ExplanationTemporary support aiding a child's learning.
#16
What is the term for the cognitive distortion where individuals believe they are the center of attention and overestimate the extent to which others are interested in them?
Imaginary audience
ExplanationBelief in being the center of others' attention.